The border-effect index shows the region's dependence on international relations. For our border-effect analysis, we abandoned the basket approach. The reasons are as follows: (1) a country’s size and the number and density of its NUTS 2 regions have a decisive impact on the indicator, which distorts its universality and comparability for the entire ESPON space at the basket level; (2) for Erasmus student flows, intra-country flows do not exist, so our analysis looks at only two knowledge flows (H2020 and patents).
The obvious conclusion from the analysis is that small countries are more dependent on foreign flows than large countries. Moreover, border regions are usually subject to a greater exchange of international flows than central regions, the most remote from the border. Thus, it is particularly interesting to compare large countries in the ESPON space.
In tourism, domestic flows are particularly important in large Western European countries and in Scandinavia (except Denmark).
Theme(s): Economy, finance and trade - Population and living conditions - Transport and Accessibility - Transport and Accessibility
| Spatial Extent | Nomenclature | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| name | version | level | |
| EU27+4EFTA+UK | NUTS | 2016 | 2 |
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