Indicator: Patents regional typologies

Based on several background indicators, different cluster analyses are developed.
Group 1, labeled as Relatively intense cited regions, is characterized by regions that present low results in three indicators, but a high positive value in Weighted Intensity. So that regions dont obtain the highest number of patent citations, nor are they highly connected, but their intensity of citations is very high if adjusted for their size. Such regions are predominant in Western and Eastern Europe countries.
On the other hand, group 2, labeled as Extensive and Intensive cited regions, present high results in a large set of indicators. This group corresponds to regions mostly present in France, Italy, Austria, Denmark, UK, and some regions in Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Norway and Finland.
Group 3, labeled as Intensive but not extensive cited regions, are the most connected and intense cited regions, however, the corrected intensity showed lower results. In addition, although those regions are the most cited and the most connected internationally, their patents are cited in a highly concentrated regional way and obtain a negative result in the cited-citing balance. Group 3 regions corresponds to regions mostly present in Germany, and few regions in France, Italy or Spain.
Finally, group 4, labeled as Extensive but not intensive cited regions has the lowest values in five out the seven indicators. Such group includes some regions at the east of Europe.